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Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah's achievement as the founder of Pakistan, dominates everything else he did in his long and crowded public life spanning some 42 years. Yet, by any standard, his was an eventful life, his personality multidimensional and his achievements in other fields were many, if not equally great. Indeed, several were the roles he had played with distinction: at one time or another, he was one of the greatest legal luminaries India had produced during the first half of the century, an `ambassador of Hindu-Muslim unity, a great constitutionalist, a distinguished parliamentarian, a top-notch politician, an indefatigable freedom-fighter, a dynamic Muslim leader, a political strategist and, above all one of the great nation-builders of modern times. What, however, makes him so remarkable is the fact that while similar other leaders assumed the leadership of traditionally well-defined nations and espoused their cause, or led them to freedom, he created a nation out of an inchoate and down-trodeen minority and established a cultural and national home for it. And all that within a decase. For over three decades before the successful culmination in 1947, of the Muslim struggle for freedom in the South-Asian subcontinent, Jinnah had provided political leadership to the Indian Muslims: initially as one of the leaders, but later, since 1947, as the only prominent leader- the Quaid-i-Azam. For over thirty years, he had guided their affairs; he had given expression, coherence and direction to their ligitimate aspirations and cherished dreams; he had formulated these into concerete demands; and, above all, he had striven all the while to get them conceded by both the ruling British and the numerous Hindus the dominant segment of India's population. And for over thirty years he had fought, relentlessly and inexorably, for the inherent rights of the Muslims for an honourable existence in the subcontinent. Indeed, his life story constitutes, as it were, the story of the rebirth of the Muslims of the subcontinent and their spectacular rise to nationhood, phoenixlike.
Early Life:
Born on December 25, 1876, in a prominent mercantile family in Karachi and educated at the Sindh Madrassat-ul-Islam and the Christian Mission School at his birth place,Jinnah joined the Lincoln's Inn in 1893 to become the youngest Indian to be called to the Bar, three years later.
Starting out in the legal profession withknothing to fall back upon except his native ability and determination, young Jinnah rose to prominence and became Bombay's most successful lawyer, as few did, within a few years. Once he was firmly established in the legal profession, Jinnah formally entered politics in 1905 from the platform of the Indian National Congress. He went to England in that year alongwith Gopal Krishna Gokhale (1866-1915), as a member of a Congress delegation to plead the cause of Indian self-governemnt during the British elections. A year later, he served as Secretary to Dadabhai Noaroji(1825-1917), the then Indian National Congress President, which was considered a great honour for a budding politician. Here, at the Calcutta Congress session (December 1906), he also made his first political speech in support of the resolution on self-government.
[IMG]
Political Career:
Three years later, in January 1910, Jinnah was elected to the newly-constituted Imperial Legislative Council. All through his parliamentary career, which spanned some four decades, he was probably the most powerful voice in the cause of Indian freedom and Indian rights. Jinnah, who was also the first Indian to pilot a private member's Bill through the Council, soon became a leader of a group inside the legislature. Mr. Montagu (1879-1924), Secretary of State for India, at the close of the First World War, considered Jinnah "perfect mannered, impressive-looking, armed to the teeth with dialecties..."Jinnah , he felt, "is a very clever man, and it is, of course, an outrage that such a man should have no chance of running the affairs of his own country."
[IMG]
For about three decades since his entry into politics in 1906, Jinnah passionately believed in and assiduously worked for Hindu-Muslim unity. Gokhale, the foremost Hindu leader before Gandhi, had once said of him, "He has the true stuff in him and that freedom from all sectarian prejudice which will make him the best ambassador of Hindu-Muslim Unity: And, to be sure, he did become the architect of Hindu-Muslim Unity: he was responsible for the Congress-League Pact of 1916, known popularly as Lucknow Pact- the only pact ever signed between the two political organisations, the Congress and the All-India Muslim League, representing, as they did, the two major communities in the subcontinent.
The Congress-League scheme embodied in this pact was to become the basis for the Montagu-Chemlsford Reforms, also known as the Act of 1919. In retrospect, the Lucknow Pact represented a milestone in the evolution of Indian politics. For one thing, it conceded Muslims the right to separate electorate, reservation of seats in the legislatures and weightage in representation both at the Centre and the minority provinces. Thus, their retention was ensured in the next phase of reforms. For another, it represented a tacit recognition of the All-India Muslim League as the representative organisation of the Muslims, thus strengthening the trend towards Muslim individuality in Indian politics. And to Jinnah goes the credit for all this. Thus, by 1917, Jinnah came to be recognised among both Hindus and Muslims as one of India's most outstanding political leaders. Not only was he prominent in the Congress and the Imperial Legislative Council, he was also the President of the All-India Muslim and that of lthe Bombay Branch of the Home Rule League. More important, because of his key-role in the Congress-League entente at Lucknow, he was hailed as the ambassador, as well as the embodiment, of Hindu-Muslim unity.
"We are a nation", they claimed in the ever eloquent words of the Quaid-i-Azam- "We are a nation with our own distinctive culture and civilization, language and literature, art and architecture, names and nomenclature, sense of values and proportion, legal laws and moral code, customs and calandar, history and tradition, aptitudes and ambitions; in short, we have our own distinctive outlook on life and of life. By all canons of international law, we are a nation". The formulation of the Musim demand for Pakistan in 1940 had a tremendous impact on the nature and course of Indian politics. On the one hand, it shattered for ever the Hindu dreams of a pseudo-Indian, in fact, Hindu empire on British exit from India: on the other, it heralded an era of Islamic renaissance and creativity in which the Indian Muslims were to be active participants. The Hindu reaction was quick, bitter, malicious.
Demand for Pakistan: Equally hostile were the British to the Muslim demand, their hostility having stemmed from their belief that the unity of India was their main achievement and their foremost contribution. The irony was that both the Hindus and the British had not anticipated the astonishingly tremendous response that the Pakistan demand had elicited from the Muslim masses. Above all, they faild to realize how a hundred million people had suddenly become supremely conscious of their distinct nationhood and their high destiny. In channelling the course of Muslim politics towards Pakistan, no less than in directing it towards its consummation in the establishment of Pakistan in 1947, non played a more decisive role than did Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah. It was his powerful advocacy of the case of Pakistan and his remarkable strategy in the delicate negotiations, that followed the formulation of the Pakistan demand, particularly in the post-war period, that made Pakistan inevitable.
Death Of the Legend:
Through the 1940s, Jinnah suffered from tuberculosis; only his sister and a few others close to him were aware of his condition. In 1948, Jinnah's health began to falter, hindered further by the heavy workload that had fallen upon him following Pakistan's independence from British Rule. Attempting to recuperate, he spent many months at his official retreat in Ziarat. According to his sister, he suffered a hemorrhage on September 1, 1948; doctors said the altitude was not good for him and that he should be taken to Karachi. Jinnah agreed, but he died in Quetta on September 11, 1948 (just over a year after independence) from a combination of tuberculosis and lung cancer. It is said that when the then Viceroy of India, Lord Louis Mountbatten, learned of Jinnah's ailment he said 'had they known that Jinnah was about to die, they'd have postponed India's independence by a few months as he was being inflexible on Pakistan'.[citation needed]
Mohammed Ali Jinnah was flown back to Karachi from Quetta. He was buried in Karachi.[58] His funeral was followed by the construction of a massive mausoleum—Mazar-e-Quaid—in Karachi to honour him; official and military ceremonies are hosted there on special occasions.
He had two separate Funeral prayers one was held privately at Mohatta Palace in a room of the Governor-General's House at which Yusuf Haroon, Hashim Raza and Aftab Hatim Alvi were present at the Namaz-e-Janaza held according to Shia rituals and was led by Allama Anees ul Hassnain,[59] while Liaquat Ali Khan waited outside. After the Shia ritual, the major public Funeral prayers were led by Allamah Shabbir Ahmad Usmani a renowned mainstream Muslim (Sunni) scholar and attended by masses from all over Pakistan. This funeral was well on record and supported by pictures as well.
Dina Wadia remained in India after independence, before ultimately settling in New York City. Jinnah's grandson, Nusli Wadia, is a prominent industrialist residing in Mumbai. In the 1963–1964 elections, Jinnah's sister Fatima Jinnah, known as Madar-e-Millat ("Mother of the Nation"), became the presidential candidate of a coalition of political parties that opposed the rule of President Ayub Khan, but lost the election.
Legacy:
‘Few individuals significantly alter the course of history. Fewer still modify the map of the world. Hardly anyone can be credited with creating a nation-state. Muhammad Ali Jinnah did all three.’ - Stanley Wolpert
Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Father of Pakistan, wearing a Karakul hat
Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Founder of Pakistan, wearing a Karakul hat
An Iranian stamp commemorating the centenary of Mohammad Ali Jinnah, printed in 1976.
In Pakistan, Jinnah is honoured with the official title Quaid-i-Azam, and he is depicted on all Pakistani rupee notes of denominations five and higher, and is the namesake of many Pakistani public institutions. The former Quaid-i-Azam International Airport, now called the Jinnah International Airport, in Karachi is Pakistan's busiest. One of the largest streets in the Turkish capital Ankara — Cinnah Caddesi —is named after him. In Iran, one of the capital Tehran's most important new highways is also named after him, while the government released a stamp commemorating the centennial of Jinnah's birthday. In Chicago, a portion of Devon Avenue was named as "Mohammed Ali Jinnah Way". The Mazar-e-Quaid, Jinnah's mausoleum, is among Karachi's most imposing buildings.[citation needed] In media, Jinnah was portrayed by British actors Richard Lintern (as the young Jinnah) and Christopher Lee (as the elder Jinnah) in the 1998 film Jinnah. In Richard Attenborough's film Gandhi, Jinnah was portrayed by Alyque Padamsee. In the 1986 televised mini-series Lord Mountbatten: the Last Viceroy, Jinnah was played by Polish actor Vladek Sheybal.
Great Thoughts and Sayings Of Quaid-E-Azam:
"We can look to the future with robust confidence provided we do not relax and fritter away our energies in internal dissensions. There was never a greater need for discipline and unity in our ranks. It is only with united effort and faith in our destiny that we shall be able to translate the Pakistan of our dreams into reality" - Mohammed Ali Jinnah
My message to you all is of hope, courage and confidence. Let us mobilize all our resources in a systematic and organized way and tackle the grave issues that confront us with grim determination and discipline worthy of a great nation.: - Mohammad Ali Jinnah
We are now all Pakistanis--not Baluchis, Pathans, Sindhis, Bengalis, Punjabis and so on--and as Pakistanis we must feet behave and act, and we should be proud to be known as Pakistanis and nothing else. ..-Mohammad Ali Jinnah
We should have a State in which we could live and breathe as free men and which we could develop according to our own lights and culture and where principles of Islamic social justice could find free play.” Mohammad Ali Jinnah
"Come forward as servants of Islam, organise the people economically, socially, educationally and politically and I am sure that you will be a power that will be accepted by everybody.”Mohamma d Ali Jinnah
The Quaid's Last Message:
It was, therefore, with a sense of supreme satisfaction at the fulfillment of his mission that Jinnah told the nation in his last message on 14 August, 1948:
"The foundations of your State have been laid and it is now for you to build and build as quickly and as well as you can". In accomplishing the task he had taken upon himself on the morrow of Pakistan's birth, Jinnah had worked himself to death, but he had, to quote richard Symons, "contributed more than any other man to Pakistan's survivial"
Early Life:
Born on December 25, 1876, in a prominent mercantile family in Karachi and educated at the Sindh Madrassat-ul-Islam and the Christian Mission School at his birth place,Jinnah joined the Lincoln's Inn in 1893 to become the youngest Indian to be called to the Bar, three years later.
Starting out in the legal profession withknothing to fall back upon except his native ability and determination, young Jinnah rose to prominence and became Bombay's most successful lawyer, as few did, within a few years. Once he was firmly established in the legal profession, Jinnah formally entered politics in 1905 from the platform of the Indian National Congress. He went to England in that year alongwith Gopal Krishna Gokhale (1866-1915), as a member of a Congress delegation to plead the cause of Indian self-governemnt during the British elections. A year later, he served as Secretary to Dadabhai Noaroji(1825-1917), the then Indian National Congress President, which was considered a great honour for a budding politician. Here, at the Calcutta Congress session (December 1906), he also made his first political speech in support of the resolution on self-government.
[IMG]
Political Career:
Three years later, in January 1910, Jinnah was elected to the newly-constituted Imperial Legislative Council. All through his parliamentary career, which spanned some four decades, he was probably the most powerful voice in the cause of Indian freedom and Indian rights. Jinnah, who was also the first Indian to pilot a private member's Bill through the Council, soon became a leader of a group inside the legislature. Mr. Montagu (1879-1924), Secretary of State for India, at the close of the First World War, considered Jinnah "perfect mannered, impressive-looking, armed to the teeth with dialecties..."Jinnah , he felt, "is a very clever man, and it is, of course, an outrage that such a man should have no chance of running the affairs of his own country."
[IMG]
For about three decades since his entry into politics in 1906, Jinnah passionately believed in and assiduously worked for Hindu-Muslim unity. Gokhale, the foremost Hindu leader before Gandhi, had once said of him, "He has the true stuff in him and that freedom from all sectarian prejudice which will make him the best ambassador of Hindu-Muslim Unity: And, to be sure, he did become the architect of Hindu-Muslim Unity: he was responsible for the Congress-League Pact of 1916, known popularly as Lucknow Pact- the only pact ever signed between the two political organisations, the Congress and the All-India Muslim League, representing, as they did, the two major communities in the subcontinent.
The Congress-League scheme embodied in this pact was to become the basis for the Montagu-Chemlsford Reforms, also known as the Act of 1919. In retrospect, the Lucknow Pact represented a milestone in the evolution of Indian politics. For one thing, it conceded Muslims the right to separate electorate, reservation of seats in the legislatures and weightage in representation both at the Centre and the minority provinces. Thus, their retention was ensured in the next phase of reforms. For another, it represented a tacit recognition of the All-India Muslim League as the representative organisation of the Muslims, thus strengthening the trend towards Muslim individuality in Indian politics. And to Jinnah goes the credit for all this. Thus, by 1917, Jinnah came to be recognised among both Hindus and Muslims as one of India's most outstanding political leaders. Not only was he prominent in the Congress and the Imperial Legislative Council, he was also the President of the All-India Muslim and that of lthe Bombay Branch of the Home Rule League. More important, because of his key-role in the Congress-League entente at Lucknow, he was hailed as the ambassador, as well as the embodiment, of Hindu-Muslim unity.
"We are a nation", they claimed in the ever eloquent words of the Quaid-i-Azam- "We are a nation with our own distinctive culture and civilization, language and literature, art and architecture, names and nomenclature, sense of values and proportion, legal laws and moral code, customs and calandar, history and tradition, aptitudes and ambitions; in short, we have our own distinctive outlook on life and of life. By all canons of international law, we are a nation". The formulation of the Musim demand for Pakistan in 1940 had a tremendous impact on the nature and course of Indian politics. On the one hand, it shattered for ever the Hindu dreams of a pseudo-Indian, in fact, Hindu empire on British exit from India: on the other, it heralded an era of Islamic renaissance and creativity in which the Indian Muslims were to be active participants. The Hindu reaction was quick, bitter, malicious.
Demand for Pakistan: Equally hostile were the British to the Muslim demand, their hostility having stemmed from their belief that the unity of India was their main achievement and their foremost contribution. The irony was that both the Hindus and the British had not anticipated the astonishingly tremendous response that the Pakistan demand had elicited from the Muslim masses. Above all, they faild to realize how a hundred million people had suddenly become supremely conscious of their distinct nationhood and their high destiny. In channelling the course of Muslim politics towards Pakistan, no less than in directing it towards its consummation in the establishment of Pakistan in 1947, non played a more decisive role than did Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah. It was his powerful advocacy of the case of Pakistan and his remarkable strategy in the delicate negotiations, that followed the formulation of the Pakistan demand, particularly in the post-war period, that made Pakistan inevitable.
Death Of the Legend:
Through the 1940s, Jinnah suffered from tuberculosis; only his sister and a few others close to him were aware of his condition. In 1948, Jinnah's health began to falter, hindered further by the heavy workload that had fallen upon him following Pakistan's independence from British Rule. Attempting to recuperate, he spent many months at his official retreat in Ziarat. According to his sister, he suffered a hemorrhage on September 1, 1948; doctors said the altitude was not good for him and that he should be taken to Karachi. Jinnah agreed, but he died in Quetta on September 11, 1948 (just over a year after independence) from a combination of tuberculosis and lung cancer. It is said that when the then Viceroy of India, Lord Louis Mountbatten, learned of Jinnah's ailment he said 'had they known that Jinnah was about to die, they'd have postponed India's independence by a few months as he was being inflexible on Pakistan'.[citation needed]
Mohammed Ali Jinnah was flown back to Karachi from Quetta. He was buried in Karachi.[58] His funeral was followed by the construction of a massive mausoleum—Mazar-e-Quaid—in Karachi to honour him; official and military ceremonies are hosted there on special occasions.
He had two separate Funeral prayers one was held privately at Mohatta Palace in a room of the Governor-General's House at which Yusuf Haroon, Hashim Raza and Aftab Hatim Alvi were present at the Namaz-e-Janaza held according to Shia rituals and was led by Allama Anees ul Hassnain,[59] while Liaquat Ali Khan waited outside. After the Shia ritual, the major public Funeral prayers were led by Allamah Shabbir Ahmad Usmani a renowned mainstream Muslim (Sunni) scholar and attended by masses from all over Pakistan. This funeral was well on record and supported by pictures as well.
Dina Wadia remained in India after independence, before ultimately settling in New York City. Jinnah's grandson, Nusli Wadia, is a prominent industrialist residing in Mumbai. In the 1963–1964 elections, Jinnah's sister Fatima Jinnah, known as Madar-e-Millat ("Mother of the Nation"), became the presidential candidate of a coalition of political parties that opposed the rule of President Ayub Khan, but lost the election.
Legacy:
‘Few individuals significantly alter the course of history. Fewer still modify the map of the world. Hardly anyone can be credited with creating a nation-state. Muhammad Ali Jinnah did all three.’ - Stanley Wolpert
Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Father of Pakistan, wearing a Karakul hat
Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Founder of Pakistan, wearing a Karakul hat
An Iranian stamp commemorating the centenary of Mohammad Ali Jinnah, printed in 1976.
In Pakistan, Jinnah is honoured with the official title Quaid-i-Azam, and he is depicted on all Pakistani rupee notes of denominations five and higher, and is the namesake of many Pakistani public institutions. The former Quaid-i-Azam International Airport, now called the Jinnah International Airport, in Karachi is Pakistan's busiest. One of the largest streets in the Turkish capital Ankara — Cinnah Caddesi —is named after him. In Iran, one of the capital Tehran's most important new highways is also named after him, while the government released a stamp commemorating the centennial of Jinnah's birthday. In Chicago, a portion of Devon Avenue was named as "Mohammed Ali Jinnah Way". The Mazar-e-Quaid, Jinnah's mausoleum, is among Karachi's most imposing buildings.[citation needed] In media, Jinnah was portrayed by British actors Richard Lintern (as the young Jinnah) and Christopher Lee (as the elder Jinnah) in the 1998 film Jinnah. In Richard Attenborough's film Gandhi, Jinnah was portrayed by Alyque Padamsee. In the 1986 televised mini-series Lord Mountbatten: the Last Viceroy, Jinnah was played by Polish actor Vladek Sheybal.
Great Thoughts and Sayings Of Quaid-E-Azam:
"We can look to the future with robust confidence provided we do not relax and fritter away our energies in internal dissensions. There was never a greater need for discipline and unity in our ranks. It is only with united effort and faith in our destiny that we shall be able to translate the Pakistan of our dreams into reality" - Mohammed Ali Jinnah
My message to you all is of hope, courage and confidence. Let us mobilize all our resources in a systematic and organized way and tackle the grave issues that confront us with grim determination and discipline worthy of a great nation.: - Mohammad Ali Jinnah
We are now all Pakistanis--not Baluchis, Pathans, Sindhis, Bengalis, Punjabis and so on--and as Pakistanis we must feet behave and act, and we should be proud to be known as Pakistanis and nothing else. ..-Mohammad Ali Jinnah
We should have a State in which we could live and breathe as free men and which we could develop according to our own lights and culture and where principles of Islamic social justice could find free play.” Mohammad Ali Jinnah
"Come forward as servants of Islam, organise the people economically, socially, educationally and politically and I am sure that you will be a power that will be accepted by everybody.”Mohamma d Ali Jinnah
The Quaid's Last Message:
It was, therefore, with a sense of supreme satisfaction at the fulfillment of his mission that Jinnah told the nation in his last message on 14 August, 1948:
"The foundations of your State have been laid and it is now for you to build and build as quickly and as well as you can". In accomplishing the task he had taken upon himself on the morrow of Pakistan's birth, Jinnah had worked himself to death, but he had, to quote richard Symons, "contributed more than any other man to Pakistan's survivial"
Examples:
1. J.K. Rowling
J.K. Rowling, the author of the Harry Potter novels was waitressing and on public assistance when she was writing the first installment of what would become one of the best selling series in history. The book was rejected by a dozen publishers. The only reason it got published at all was because the CEO's eight year old daughter begged him to publish it.
“Failure meant a stripping away of the inessential.” - J.K. Rowling
Now, if that isn't a great Zen line, I don't know what is!
2. Michael Jordan
It might come as a shock, but the man who became what many would call the best basketball player of all time didn't make his high school basketball team.
“I have missed more than 9,000 shots in my career. I have lost almost 300 games. On 26 occasions I have been entrusted to take the game winning shot, and I missed. I have failed over and over and over again in my life. And that is why I succeed.” - Michael Jordan
3. Thomas Edison
Thomas Edison was both hearing impaired and fidgety. He only lasted three months in school where his teachers said he was "too stupid to learn anything." He eventually was home schooled by his mom. In talking about his invention of the light bulb, he said:
“I have not failed. I’ve just found 10,000 ways that do not work.” - Thomas Edison
4. James Carville
When I was a kid I was obsessed with political campaigns the way other kids were obsessed with sports. During the 1992 Presidential campaign there was no greater superstar-whacko than Clinton's political operative, James Carville. With his shaved bald head, snake-like facial features, and his deep Louisiana accent he seemed like a man out of the Twilight Zone!
He's now considered to be one of the greatest political operatives of a generation. But, before he ended up on that fateful campaign in his early 40's he was dead broke, had won only a handful of elections, and had never even been approved for a credit card. On paper, he looked like a complete failure. By not giving up he ended up in the White House.
"No one will ever accuse James Carville of taking himself seriously." - James Carville
5. Ludwig van Beethoven
His early skills at music and the violin were decidedly less than impressive. His teachers thought him hopeless. It was his father who saw the potential in him and took over his education. Beethoven slowly lost his hearing throughout his life and yet, four of his greatest works were composed when he was completely deaf.
"Beethoven can write music, thank God, because he can't do anything else!" - Ludwig van Beethoven
6. Christopher Reeve
The man who played Superman becoming a quadriplegic was more than ironic - it was tragic. He never learned to be happy about his situation - who could? But, he did learn to live with it.
“In the morning, I need twenty minutes to cry. To wake up and make that shift, you know, and to just say, 'This really sucks,' to really allow yourself the feeling of loss. It still needs to be acknowledged.” - Christopher Reeve
Then, he'd say, "And now...forward!"
He had to take a moment everyday to acknowledge where he was, what the reality of the situation was. But, he didn't allow that to stop him. He traveled widely doing public speaking on behalf of people with spinal injuries, tirelessly raised money for his own and other foundations, and even became a movie director. He took what he had and tried to help others in the best way he could.
7. Oprah Winfrey
Her childhood was frightful and filled with horrible abuse and abject poverty. But, like most successful people, Oprah doesn't dwell on stuff like that.
"I don’t think of myself as a poor deprived ghetto girl who made good. I think of myself as somebody who from an early age knew I was responsible for myself, and I had to make good." - Oprah Winfrey
BONUS:
Oh, what the heck, I'll give you a few more! You can never have enough inspirational stories to keep you going.
Vincent Van Gogh
The man was a manic depressive. He could barely function half the time. He never saw success in his lifetime, but his work is often regarded as the greatest painting ever done by any human on earth. Because of this, his name has become a war cry for artists around the world who have been repeatedly rejected and sidelined.
"Even the knowledge of my own fallibility cannot keep me from making mistakes. Only when I fall do I get up again." - Vincent van Gogh
Oscar Wilde
Wilde, the British play-write and satirist was gay during a time when being gay could get you prison time. And it did. Unlike our examples above, Wilde started out privileged, with successful parents. He ended up being quite famous in his own life, but he died an early death as a direct result of his imprisonment. What is instructive is that he was willing to lose everything - and did - rather than pretend to be someone that he wasn't. He also never lost his wit.
"Life is too important a thing ever to talk seriously about." - Oscar Wilde
I'll close with another quote by Michael Jordan.
"Some want it to happen, some wish it would happen, others make it happen." - Michael Jordan
1. J.K. Rowling
J.K. Rowling, the author of the Harry Potter novels was waitressing and on public assistance when she was writing the first installment of what would become one of the best selling series in history. The book was rejected by a dozen publishers. The only reason it got published at all was because the CEO's eight year old daughter begged him to publish it.
“Failure meant a stripping away of the inessential.” - J.K. Rowling
Now, if that isn't a great Zen line, I don't know what is!
2. Michael Jordan
It might come as a shock, but the man who became what many would call the best basketball player of all time didn't make his high school basketball team.
“I have missed more than 9,000 shots in my career. I have lost almost 300 games. On 26 occasions I have been entrusted to take the game winning shot, and I missed. I have failed over and over and over again in my life. And that is why I succeed.” - Michael Jordan
3. Thomas Edison
Thomas Edison was both hearing impaired and fidgety. He only lasted three months in school where his teachers said he was "too stupid to learn anything." He eventually was home schooled by his mom. In talking about his invention of the light bulb, he said:
“I have not failed. I’ve just found 10,000 ways that do not work.” - Thomas Edison
4. James Carville
When I was a kid I was obsessed with political campaigns the way other kids were obsessed with sports. During the 1992 Presidential campaign there was no greater superstar-whacko than Clinton's political operative, James Carville. With his shaved bald head, snake-like facial features, and his deep Louisiana accent he seemed like a man out of the Twilight Zone!
He's now considered to be one of the greatest political operatives of a generation. But, before he ended up on that fateful campaign in his early 40's he was dead broke, had won only a handful of elections, and had never even been approved for a credit card. On paper, he looked like a complete failure. By not giving up he ended up in the White House.
"No one will ever accuse James Carville of taking himself seriously." - James Carville
5. Ludwig van Beethoven
His early skills at music and the violin were decidedly less than impressive. His teachers thought him hopeless. It was his father who saw the potential in him and took over his education. Beethoven slowly lost his hearing throughout his life and yet, four of his greatest works were composed when he was completely deaf.
"Beethoven can write music, thank God, because he can't do anything else!" - Ludwig van Beethoven
6. Christopher Reeve
The man who played Superman becoming a quadriplegic was more than ironic - it was tragic. He never learned to be happy about his situation - who could? But, he did learn to live with it.
“In the morning, I need twenty minutes to cry. To wake up and make that shift, you know, and to just say, 'This really sucks,' to really allow yourself the feeling of loss. It still needs to be acknowledged.” - Christopher Reeve
Then, he'd say, "And now...forward!"
He had to take a moment everyday to acknowledge where he was, what the reality of the situation was. But, he didn't allow that to stop him. He traveled widely doing public speaking on behalf of people with spinal injuries, tirelessly raised money for his own and other foundations, and even became a movie director. He took what he had and tried to help others in the best way he could.
7. Oprah Winfrey
Her childhood was frightful and filled with horrible abuse and abject poverty. But, like most successful people, Oprah doesn't dwell on stuff like that.
"I don’t think of myself as a poor deprived ghetto girl who made good. I think of myself as somebody who from an early age knew I was responsible for myself, and I had to make good." - Oprah Winfrey
BONUS:
Oh, what the heck, I'll give you a few more! You can never have enough inspirational stories to keep you going.
Vincent Van Gogh
The man was a manic depressive. He could barely function half the time. He never saw success in his lifetime, but his work is often regarded as the greatest painting ever done by any human on earth. Because of this, his name has become a war cry for artists around the world who have been repeatedly rejected and sidelined.
"Even the knowledge of my own fallibility cannot keep me from making mistakes. Only when I fall do I get up again." - Vincent van Gogh
Oscar Wilde
Wilde, the British play-write and satirist was gay during a time when being gay could get you prison time. And it did. Unlike our examples above, Wilde started out privileged, with successful parents. He ended up being quite famous in his own life, but he died an early death as a direct result of his imprisonment. What is instructive is that he was willing to lose everything - and did - rather than pretend to be someone that he wasn't. He also never lost his wit.
"Life is too important a thing ever to talk seriously about." - Oscar Wilde
I'll close with another quote by Michael Jordan.
"Some want it to happen, some wish it would happen, others make it happen." - Michael Jordan
** UET LAHORE 1ST MERIT LIST STATS **
Architectural Engineering LHR A 76.69090909
Architectural Engineering LHR S 70.09772727
Architecture LHR A 75.33636364
Architecture LHR I 70.73
Architecture LHR N 77.27045455
Architecture LHR S 67.41136364
Architecture LHR T 68.75454545
Bio-Medical Technology KSK dae 67.87746479
Bio-Medical Technology KSK fsc 69.48409091
Chemical Engineering FSD A 74.27727273
Chemical Engineering FSD S 66.96590909
Chemical Engineering KSK A 76.36136364
Chemical Engineering KSK I 66.20147059
Chemical Engineering KSK S 68.61136364
Chemical Engineering LHR A 77.48636364
Chemical Engineering LHR N 77.625
Chemical Engineering LHR S 70.66136364
Chemical Technology KSK dae 62.81617647
Chemical Technology KSK fsc 70.46136364
City & Regional Planning LHR A 74.64772727
City & Regional Planning LHR N 72.91818182
City & Regional Planning LHR T 68.05909091
Civil Engineering LHR A 78.53636364
Civil Engineering LHR N 78.31363636
Civil Engineering LHR S 71.55909091
Civil Engineering NWL A 74.55227273
Civil Engineering NWL I 71.145
Civil Engineering NWL S 64.92727273
Civil Engineering NWL SI 67.1
Computer Engineering LHR A 78
Computer Science LHR A 76.73636364
Computer Science NWL A 76.10681818
Computer Science RCET A 72.60454545
Electrical Engineering FSD A 75.125
Electrical Engineering FSD I 73.25176056
Electrical Engineering FSD P 64.51584507
Electrical Engineering FSD S 66.21818182
Electrical Engineering KSK A 77.30454545
Electrical Engineering KSK I 73.91443662
Electrical Engineering KSK S 68.64772727
Electrical Engineering KSK SI 63.72570423
Electrical Engineering LHR A 81.12954545
Electrical Engineering LHR L 80.53181818
Electrical Engineering LHR N 80.39090909
Electrical Engineering LHR O 81.02727273
Electrical Engineering LHR R 78.46363636
Electrical Engineering LHR S 76.01590909
Electrical Engineering NWL A 73.7
Electrical Engineering NWL I 72.07077465
Electrical Engineering NWL S 64.61363636
Electrical Engineering RCET A 74.575
Electrical Engineering RCET I 72.15246479
Electrical Engineering RCET S 68.00454545
Electrical Technology KSK dae 69.89119718
Electrical Technology KSK fsc 71.41136364
Environmental Engineering LHR A 74.45909091
Environmental Engineering LHR S 67.40227273
Geological Engineering LHR A 73.55909091
Geological Engineering LHR S 70.10909091
Industrial & Manufacturing Engg LHR A 76.36818182
Industrial & Manufacturing Engg LHR I 71.10294118
Industrial & Manufacturing Engg LHR S 68.97727273
Industrial & Manufacturing Engg RCET A 72.85
Industrial & Manufacturing Engg RCET I 71.07205882
Mechanical Engineering KSK A 77.54772727
Mechanical Engineering KSK I 74.09264706
Mechanical Engineering KSK S 70.03181818
Mechanical Engineering KSK SI 68.71764706
Mechanical Engineering LHR A 80.19318182
Mechanical Engineering LHR L 80.31590909
Mechanical Engineering LHR N 78.36818182
Mechanical Engineering LHR O 79.07045455
Mechanical Engineering LHR S 74.38636364
Mechanical Engineering NWL A 74.03409091
Mechanical Engineering NWL I 71.99411765
Mechanical Engineering NWL P 60.33125
Mechanical Engineering NWL S 64.93181818
Mechanical Engineering RCET A 76.075
Mechanical Engineering RCET I 72.62352941
Mechanical Engineering RCET S 68.31136364
Mechanical Technology KSK dae 70.09117647
Mechanical Technology KSK fsc 71.22272727
Mechatronics & Control Engg FSD A 73.73636364
Mechatronics & Control Engg FSD I 71.55
Mechatronics & Control Engg FSD S 64.75
Mechatronics & Control Engg FSD SI 65.30147059
Mechatronics & Control Engg LHR A 79.08636364
Mechatronics & Control Engg LHR I 73.17941176
Mechatronics & Control Engg LHR S 76.19772727
Metallurgical & Materials Engg LHR A 75.53863636
Metallurgical & Materials Engg LHR I 71.27318841
Metallurgical & Materials Engg LHR N 72.62272727
Metallurgical & Materials Engg LHR S 69.49545455
Mining Engineering LHR A 73.49545455
Mining Engineering LHR I 57.935
Mining Engineering LHR N 72.45681818
Petroleum & Gas Engineering LHR A 78.09090909
Petroleum & Gas Engineering LHR I 67.92
Petroleum & Gas Engineering LHR N 77.95909091
Petroleum & Gas Engineering LHR S 72.99318182
Petroleum & Gas Engineering LHR SI 59.80588235
Polymer Engineering LHR A 74.08181818
Polymer Engineering LHR S 68.55
Product & Industrial Design LHR A 73.41818182
Product & Industrial Design LHR S 66.98863636
Textile Technology FSD dae 51.94166667
Textile Technology FSD fsc 69.15454545
Transportation Engineering LHR A 74.575
Transportation Engineering LHR S 67.6727272
Architectural Engineering LHR A 76.69090909
Architectural Engineering LHR S 70.09772727
Architecture LHR A 75.33636364
Architecture LHR I 70.73
Architecture LHR N 77.27045455
Architecture LHR S 67.41136364
Architecture LHR T 68.75454545
Bio-Medical Technology KSK dae 67.87746479
Bio-Medical Technology KSK fsc 69.48409091
Chemical Engineering FSD A 74.27727273
Chemical Engineering FSD S 66.96590909
Chemical Engineering KSK A 76.36136364
Chemical Engineering KSK I 66.20147059
Chemical Engineering KSK S 68.61136364
Chemical Engineering LHR A 77.48636364
Chemical Engineering LHR N 77.625
Chemical Engineering LHR S 70.66136364
Chemical Technology KSK dae 62.81617647
Chemical Technology KSK fsc 70.46136364
City & Regional Planning LHR A 74.64772727
City & Regional Planning LHR N 72.91818182
City & Regional Planning LHR T 68.05909091
Civil Engineering LHR A 78.53636364
Civil Engineering LHR N 78.31363636
Civil Engineering LHR S 71.55909091
Civil Engineering NWL A 74.55227273
Civil Engineering NWL I 71.145
Civil Engineering NWL S 64.92727273
Civil Engineering NWL SI 67.1
Computer Engineering LHR A 78
Computer Science LHR A 76.73636364
Computer Science NWL A 76.10681818
Computer Science RCET A 72.60454545
Electrical Engineering FSD A 75.125
Electrical Engineering FSD I 73.25176056
Electrical Engineering FSD P 64.51584507
Electrical Engineering FSD S 66.21818182
Electrical Engineering KSK A 77.30454545
Electrical Engineering KSK I 73.91443662
Electrical Engineering KSK S 68.64772727
Electrical Engineering KSK SI 63.72570423
Electrical Engineering LHR A 81.12954545
Electrical Engineering LHR L 80.53181818
Electrical Engineering LHR N 80.39090909
Electrical Engineering LHR O 81.02727273
Electrical Engineering LHR R 78.46363636
Electrical Engineering LHR S 76.01590909
Electrical Engineering NWL A 73.7
Electrical Engineering NWL I 72.07077465
Electrical Engineering NWL S 64.61363636
Electrical Engineering RCET A 74.575
Electrical Engineering RCET I 72.15246479
Electrical Engineering RCET S 68.00454545
Electrical Technology KSK dae 69.89119718
Electrical Technology KSK fsc 71.41136364
Environmental Engineering LHR A 74.45909091
Environmental Engineering LHR S 67.40227273
Geological Engineering LHR A 73.55909091
Geological Engineering LHR S 70.10909091
Industrial & Manufacturing Engg LHR A 76.36818182
Industrial & Manufacturing Engg LHR I 71.10294118
Industrial & Manufacturing Engg LHR S 68.97727273
Industrial & Manufacturing Engg RCET A 72.85
Industrial & Manufacturing Engg RCET I 71.07205882
Mechanical Engineering KSK A 77.54772727
Mechanical Engineering KSK I 74.09264706
Mechanical Engineering KSK S 70.03181818
Mechanical Engineering KSK SI 68.71764706
Mechanical Engineering LHR A 80.19318182
Mechanical Engineering LHR L 80.31590909
Mechanical Engineering LHR N 78.36818182
Mechanical Engineering LHR O 79.07045455
Mechanical Engineering LHR S 74.38636364
Mechanical Engineering NWL A 74.03409091
Mechanical Engineering NWL I 71.99411765
Mechanical Engineering NWL P 60.33125
Mechanical Engineering NWL S 64.93181818
Mechanical Engineering RCET A 76.075
Mechanical Engineering RCET I 72.62352941
Mechanical Engineering RCET S 68.31136364
Mechanical Technology KSK dae 70.09117647
Mechanical Technology KSK fsc 71.22272727
Mechatronics & Control Engg FSD A 73.73636364
Mechatronics & Control Engg FSD I 71.55
Mechatronics & Control Engg FSD S 64.75
Mechatronics & Control Engg FSD SI 65.30147059
Mechatronics & Control Engg LHR A 79.08636364
Mechatronics & Control Engg LHR I 73.17941176
Mechatronics & Control Engg LHR S 76.19772727
Metallurgical & Materials Engg LHR A 75.53863636
Metallurgical & Materials Engg LHR I 71.27318841
Metallurgical & Materials Engg LHR N 72.62272727
Metallurgical & Materials Engg LHR S 69.49545455
Mining Engineering LHR A 73.49545455
Mining Engineering LHR I 57.935
Mining Engineering LHR N 72.45681818
Petroleum & Gas Engineering LHR A 78.09090909
Petroleum & Gas Engineering LHR I 67.92
Petroleum & Gas Engineering LHR N 77.95909091
Petroleum & Gas Engineering LHR S 72.99318182
Petroleum & Gas Engineering LHR SI 59.80588235
Polymer Engineering LHR A 74.08181818
Polymer Engineering LHR S 68.55
Product & Industrial Design LHR A 73.41818182
Product & Industrial Design LHR S 66.98863636
Textile Technology FSD dae 51.94166667
Textile Technology FSD fsc 69.15454545
Transportation Engineering LHR A 74.575
Transportation Engineering LHR S 67.6727272
By: Zunaira Fatima
By Zunaira Fatima
who did graduation in MBBS recently from china.
"i wanna share some experience of mine about mbbs in china ..... there are some important things that mostly consultants do not mention their concern is only money ...
1.
before going to any foreign university you have to get NOC from pak govt but mostly students come across this word at the end ..
2.
you have to pass HSK test to get degree of MBBS from any university from china .....
HSK is chinese language test .
3. about studies ..
u have to study chinese language books along with medical books and they are must you have to pass each exam of chinese book
and about medical books the one book they teach us in two years they teach that in one year or in one semester ...
4. about expenses
... you pay about 3 lak fee for one year and if you spend money in RMBs the chinese currency .... 1 RMB is equal to 17 rupees .... in a month you'll spend about 30000 rupees almost ... it's almost the same as in pak in private colleges ...
5. now the most annoying thing i came across there was their exam system ....
students can keep mobile phones with them in examination hall .. and mostly students use mobile and cheat from net .... so you study or not u'll pass in all conditions .
6. about teachers ...
there isn't pakistani teacher but chinese and their english is really hard to understand .. they even don't know the english language perfectly ....
i'm posting it because
i want to save the future of those students who have dreams like me i just want to save your future guys ... all things mention over here are true ... i've been through this and i left ..... they don't have concern about your future but with money ... i'm not saying don't go their but you should know the reality before going there .. if u can deal with all these situations then go otherwise better stay in pak and do mbbs at private colleges if you can or do choose some other field.........
thanks ...."
who did graduation in MBBS recently from china.
"i wanna share some experience of mine about mbbs in china ..... there are some important things that mostly consultants do not mention their concern is only money ...
1.
before going to any foreign university you have to get NOC from pak govt but mostly students come across this word at the end ..
2.
you have to pass HSK test to get degree of MBBS from any university from china .....
HSK is chinese language test .
3. about studies ..
u have to study chinese language books along with medical books and they are must you have to pass each exam of chinese book
and about medical books the one book they teach us in two years they teach that in one year or in one semester ...
4. about expenses
... you pay about 3 lak fee for one year and if you spend money in RMBs the chinese currency .... 1 RMB is equal to 17 rupees .... in a month you'll spend about 30000 rupees almost ... it's almost the same as in pak in private colleges ...
5. now the most annoying thing i came across there was their exam system ....
students can keep mobile phones with them in examination hall .. and mostly students use mobile and cheat from net .... so you study or not u'll pass in all conditions .
6. about teachers ...
there isn't pakistani teacher but chinese and their english is really hard to understand .. they even don't know the english language perfectly ....
i'm posting it because
i want to save the future of those students who have dreams like me i just want to save your future guys ... all things mention over here are true ... i've been through this and i left ..... they don't have concern about your future but with money ... i'm not saying don't go their but you should know the reality before going there .. if u can deal with all these situations then go otherwise better stay in pak and do mbbs at private colleges if you can or do choose some other field.........
thanks ...."
IntroductionConsidered as one of the oldest engineering disciplines, Civil Engineering involves planning, designing and executing structural works. The profession deals with a wide variety of engineering tasks including designing, supervision and construction activities of public works like roads, bridges, tunnels, buildings, airports, dams, water works, sewage systems, ports etc. and offers a multitude of challenging career opportunities.
Nature of Work
A civil engineer is responsible for planning and designing a project, constructing the project to the required scale, and maintenance of the product. A civil engineer requires not only a high standard of engineering knowledge but also supervisory and administrative skills. The planning part of their work involves site investigation, feasibility studies, creating solutions to complications that may occur and the actual designing of structures. They have to work with the guidelines of the local government authority and get plans approved by the relevant authority. They may prepare cost estimates and set construction schedules. Construction work involves dealing with clients, architects, government officials, contactors and the supervision of work according to standards. Their work also involves the maintenance and repair of the project.
Specialisations
The major specialisations within civil engineering are structural, water resources, environmental, construction, transportation, geo-technical engineering etc. On most projects, civil engineers work in teams or in coordination with many other engineers. They can find work as a supervisor of a construction site or a managerial position or in design, research as well as teaching in government services or private concerns. They can also work as independent consultants.
Education & Eligibility
A bachelor's degree in Engineering is the minimum requirement to become a qualified civil engineer. A post graduate degree is required for research or teaching posts and an additional degree in business administration is desirable for management positions.
Engineering courses are available at two levels. There are the degree and postgraduate degree courses offered by the engineering colleges and universities, and, the diploma courses available at polytechnics.
The basic eligibility criteria for a B.Sc. / BE in Civil Engineering is F.Sc. or equivalent examination, with high percentage of marks in Science subjects (Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics).
Selection
Selection to the graduate courses (B.Sc. / BE ) is based on merit i.e the marks secured in Metric, F.Sc.(Pre-Engineering) or equivalent and through entrance exams.
Duration
B.Sc. / BE courses are of 4 year's duration. The B.Tech and diploma courses are of 2-3 year's duration
Abilities Required
A civil engineer needs to have a sharp, analytical and practical mind and give attention to details. Excellent communication skills is a necessity and he should have the ability to get along at all levels, as part of a team. He should be good at organizing and solving problems. He may need to work under pressure and have the ability to keep calm during crisis.
He needs to know about surveying methods, environmental issues like whether the area is susceptible to tremors or has sandy soil etc, properties of building materials like its load bearing strength, resistance to fire and corrosion etc. Besides having a good technical designing knowledge conceptualising structures, they should be computer literate in order to use design, drawing and word processing software. Civil engineers need to know building and safety regulations, local authority and government regulations, acceptable standards for construction and how to draw plans.
Job Prospects
Civil Engineers can find job in Government departments, private and public sector industries, research and teaching institutions etc. Job opportunities for civil engineers are expected to increase as fast as the average for all jobs, although the construction industry is vulnerable to fluctuations in the economy.
Civil engineers will always be needed to maintain and repair existing facilities and structures and to construct new ones. After doing B.Tech, one can look for jobs in road projects, building work, consultancy firms, quality testing laboratories or housing societies. The experts say there is a high demand for experienced civil engineers in developed countries.
Civil engineers are employed in all the major construction projects carried out by the provincial or federal government, the railways, private construction companies, military, engineering services, consultancy services etc.
Civil engineering graduates can also go in for research and take up teaching or they can open their own independent consultancy services.
Nature of Work
A civil engineer is responsible for planning and designing a project, constructing the project to the required scale, and maintenance of the product. A civil engineer requires not only a high standard of engineering knowledge but also supervisory and administrative skills. The planning part of their work involves site investigation, feasibility studies, creating solutions to complications that may occur and the actual designing of structures. They have to work with the guidelines of the local government authority and get plans approved by the relevant authority. They may prepare cost estimates and set construction schedules. Construction work involves dealing with clients, architects, government officials, contactors and the supervision of work according to standards. Their work also involves the maintenance and repair of the project.
Specialisations
The major specialisations within civil engineering are structural, water resources, environmental, construction, transportation, geo-technical engineering etc. On most projects, civil engineers work in teams or in coordination with many other engineers. They can find work as a supervisor of a construction site or a managerial position or in design, research as well as teaching in government services or private concerns. They can also work as independent consultants.
Education & Eligibility
A bachelor's degree in Engineering is the minimum requirement to become a qualified civil engineer. A post graduate degree is required for research or teaching posts and an additional degree in business administration is desirable for management positions.
Engineering courses are available at two levels. There are the degree and postgraduate degree courses offered by the engineering colleges and universities, and, the diploma courses available at polytechnics.
The basic eligibility criteria for a B.Sc. / BE in Civil Engineering is F.Sc. or equivalent examination, with high percentage of marks in Science subjects (Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics).
Selection
Selection to the graduate courses (B.Sc. / BE ) is based on merit i.e the marks secured in Metric, F.Sc.(Pre-Engineering) or equivalent and through entrance exams.
Duration
B.Sc. / BE courses are of 4 year's duration. The B.Tech and diploma courses are of 2-3 year's duration
Abilities Required
A civil engineer needs to have a sharp, analytical and practical mind and give attention to details. Excellent communication skills is a necessity and he should have the ability to get along at all levels, as part of a team. He should be good at organizing and solving problems. He may need to work under pressure and have the ability to keep calm during crisis.
He needs to know about surveying methods, environmental issues like whether the area is susceptible to tremors or has sandy soil etc, properties of building materials like its load bearing strength, resistance to fire and corrosion etc. Besides having a good technical designing knowledge conceptualising structures, they should be computer literate in order to use design, drawing and word processing software. Civil engineers need to know building and safety regulations, local authority and government regulations, acceptable standards for construction and how to draw plans.
Job Prospects
Civil Engineers can find job in Government departments, private and public sector industries, research and teaching institutions etc. Job opportunities for civil engineers are expected to increase as fast as the average for all jobs, although the construction industry is vulnerable to fluctuations in the economy.
Civil engineers will always be needed to maintain and repair existing facilities and structures and to construct new ones. After doing B.Tech, one can look for jobs in road projects, building work, consultancy firms, quality testing laboratories or housing societies. The experts say there is a high demand for experienced civil engineers in developed countries.
Civil engineers are employed in all the major construction projects carried out by the provincial or federal government, the railways, private construction companies, military, engineering services, consultancy services etc.
Civil engineering graduates can also go in for research and take up teaching or they can open their own independent consultancy services.
B.SC. CIVIL ENGINEERING IN PAKISTAN
In Pakistan, engineering is considered to be most active and popular field. If we talk about popular and successful engineering fields then we should mention Civil Engineering. Basically, Civil Engineering is the field or discipline that includes designing, construction and maintenance of physical as well as naturally built environment. Civil Engineering is the popular and oldest field of engineering. This field includes water works, dams, power plants, rail roads, tunnels, bridges, shipping canals, terminals, plant buildings, skyscrapers etc. Those people who are working in this field are known as Civil Engineers. For the students, we would like to discuss or mention the main objectives of B.Sc Civil Engineering. The main and important objectives are as follows:
- · The most important objective of studying B.Sc Civil Engineering is that to ensure the building as well as safety regulations and drawing construction plans.
- · Secondly, the objective of studying B.Sc Civil Engineering is to develop analytical and practical mind for ensuring effective and incredible output.
- · Lastly, B.Sc Civil Engineering is very helpful for contributing towards the incredible and sustainable development.
Career Option
After studying the courses of B.Sc Civil Engineering, we would like to mention the career options of B.Sc Civil Engineering. The main career options are as follows:
- · Assistant Engineer.
- · Professional project manager.
- · Senior Engineer.
- · Senior Supervisory Engineer.
- · Professional city Engineer.
- · Chief Engineer.
- · Deputy Engineer.
- · Professor.
- · Researcher.
- · Government Department.
- · Private Sector.
- · Consultancy Firms.
- · Power Plants.
- · Universities and colleges.
- · Transportation.
MAJOR SUBJECTS
For those students who want to get admission into the B.Sc Civil Engineering they should know about the main courses. So the main and major courses of B.Sc Civil Engineering are as follows:
- · Environmental Engineering.
- · Geo technical Engineering.
- · Transportation Engineering.
- · Urban Engineering.
- · Materials Engineering.
- · Introduction of Water Resources Engineering.
- · Basic Coastal Engineering.
- · Surveying Engineering.
- · Basic Construction Engineering.
- · Engineering Physics.
- · Introduction of Applied Chemistry.
- · Introduction of Applied Mechanics.
- · Introduction of Engineering Graphics.
ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS |
For those students who want to get admission into the B.Sc Civil Engineering they should know about the main courses. So the main and major courses of B.Sc Civil Engineering are as follows:
- · Environmental Engineering.
- · Geo technical Engineering.
- · Transportation Engineering.
- · Urban Engineering.
- · Materials Engineering.
- · Introduction of Water Resources Engineering.
- · Basic Coastal Engineering.
- · Surveying Engineering.
- · Basic Construction Engineering.
- · Engineering Physics.
- · Introduction of Applied Chemistry.
- · Introduction of Applied Mechanics.
- · Introduction of Engineering Graphics.
Universities Which are studying Civil Engineering
Universities offering Civil engineering include:
-NUST
-UET Lahore
-UET Taxila
-KPK UET
-NED UET
-Mehran UET
-Sir Syed UET Karachi
-FAST National University, Lahore (NOC)
-COMSATS Wah and Abbottabad Campus (NOC)
- UMT lahore and Many More..
-NUST
-UET Lahore
-UET Taxila
-KPK UET
-NED UET
-Mehran UET
-Sir Syed UET Karachi
-FAST National University, Lahore (NOC)
-COMSATS Wah and Abbottabad Campus (NOC)
- UMT lahore and Many More..
Current Jobs of Civil Engineers in Pakistan
Visit the following link | |
What is an Electrical Engineer?
An electrical engineer is someone who designs and develops new electrical equipment, solves problems and tests equipment. They work with all kinds of electronic devices, from the smallest pocket devices to large supercomputers.
Electrical engineering deals with electricity, electro-magnetism and electronics. It also covers power, control systems, telecommunications and signal processing. These engineers are usually concerned with large-scale electrical systems such as motor control and power transmission, as well as utilizing electricity to transmit energy. Electrical engineers may work on a diverse range of technologies, from the design of household appliances, lighting and wiring of buildings, telecommunication systems, electrical power stations and satellite communications. They may plan their designs using computer-aided software or they may also sketch ideas by hand.
There are many sub-disciplines of electrical engineering. Some electrical engineers specialize exclusively in one sub-discipline, while others specialize in a combination of sub-disciplines. The most popular sub-disciplines are:
Electronic Engineer
- deals with electronic circuits such as resistors, capacitors, inductors, transistors and diodes
Microelectronics Engineer
- deals with design and micro-fabrication of tiny electronic circuit components
Signal Processing Engineer
- deals with signals, such as analog or digital signals
Power Engineer
- deals with electricity and design of related electrical devices such as transformers, generators, motors and power electronics
Control Engineer
- deals with design of controllers that cause systems to behave in a certain way, using micro-controllers, programmable logic controllers, digital signal processors and electrical circuits
Telecommunications Engineer
- deals with transmission of information via a cable or optical fiber
Instrumentation Engineer
- deals with the design of measuring devices for pressure, flow and temperature. This involves a deep understanding of physics
Computer Engineer
- deals with the design of computers and computer hardware
An electrical engineer is someone who designs and develops new electrical equipment, solves problems and tests equipment. They work with all kinds of electronic devices, from the smallest pocket devices to large supercomputers.
Electrical engineering deals with electricity, electro-magnetism and electronics. It also covers power, control systems, telecommunications and signal processing. These engineers are usually concerned with large-scale electrical systems such as motor control and power transmission, as well as utilizing electricity to transmit energy. Electrical engineers may work on a diverse range of technologies, from the design of household appliances, lighting and wiring of buildings, telecommunication systems, electrical power stations and satellite communications. They may plan their designs using computer-aided software or they may also sketch ideas by hand.
There are many sub-disciplines of electrical engineering. Some electrical engineers specialize exclusively in one sub-discipline, while others specialize in a combination of sub-disciplines. The most popular sub-disciplines are:
Electronic Engineer
- deals with electronic circuits such as resistors, capacitors, inductors, transistors and diodes
Microelectronics Engineer
- deals with design and micro-fabrication of tiny electronic circuit components
Signal Processing Engineer
- deals with signals, such as analog or digital signals
Power Engineer
- deals with electricity and design of related electrical devices such as transformers, generators, motors and power electronics
Control Engineer
- deals with design of controllers that cause systems to behave in a certain way, using micro-controllers, programmable logic controllers, digital signal processors and electrical circuits
Telecommunications Engineer
- deals with transmission of information via a cable or optical fiber
Instrumentation Engineer
- deals with the design of measuring devices for pressure, flow and temperature. This involves a deep understanding of physics
Computer Engineer
- deals with the design of computers and computer hardware
Nature of work/Eligibiliy criteria/career options etc
Electrical engineers design and develop electrical systems, research new and innovative designs and system, supervise and plan manufacturing process of high end electrical systems. This role provides a number of challenges ranging from problem identification and the selection of appropriate technical solutions, materials, test equipment and procedures, to the manufacture and production of safe, economical, high-performance products and services.
Electrical engineers work to combine technology with creativity, taking ideas and turning them into reality. In fact, electrical engineers are involved in the practical application of electrical energy.
Electricity has become the basic need for survival. From household to industrial plants, communication and satellite navigation system, electronic equipment, computers etc., all require electricity. Hence electrical engineering which deals with study and application of electrical systems is widely applicable in each and every aspect of our daily life. Virtually every industry utilizes electrical engineers, so employment opportunities are extensive.
Education & Eligibility
Educational : A bachelor's degree in Engineering is the minimum requirement to become a qualified electrical engineer. A post graduate degree is required for research or teaching posts and an additional degree in business administration is desirable for management positions.
Engineering courses are available at two levels. There are the (B.Sc./BE) degrees and postgraduate (M.Sc./ME) degree courses offered by the engineering universities and colleges and the diploma courses (DAE/ B.Tech) available at polytechnics.
The basic eligibility criteria for a B.Sc./ B.E in Electrical Engineering is F.Sc. or equivalent examination, with high percentage of marks in Science subjects (Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics). While for post graduate programs, one should have done B.Sc./B.E/ in electrical engineering. The program can either be studied alone or can be combined with electronic engineering. One can even opt for super specialty or Ph. D program in electrical engineering. For the purpose, the person should have done M.Sc./M.E in electrical engineering or electrical and electronics engineering.
Selection : Selection to the graduate courses (B.Sc./B.E) is based on merit i.e the marks secured in Metric and F.Sc. and through entrance test.
Duration: B.Sc./B.E courses are of 4 year's duration. The diploma and B.Tech courses are of 2-3 year's duration. Post Graduate course M.Sc./M.E is of 2 years duration.
Abilities Required: An electrical engineer need to have a sharp, analytical and practical mind and attention to details. They should be able to grasp and adapt to new and changing concepts. Good communication skills are also important to communicate their ideas to others in their field. He should be good at organizing and solving problems. He may need to work under pressure and have the ability to keep calm during crisis. Along with various other personal attributes one must also have dedication and commitment towards the profession.
A successful electrical engineer possesses not only an understanding of his area of concentration, but also a broad grasp of engineering in general. An electrical engineer is expected to have detailed knowledge of electrical networks, electrical energy converters and equipments that uses electromagnetic field theory, electrical energy distribution systems etc.
Job Prospects
Scope in electrical engineering lie in the areas of generating electricity, its distribution and transmission. As everything from house to industry requires electricity to function, there are tremendous career prospects in this field in Pakistan as well as in other developed countries across the world. Electrical engineering has a wide scope of applicability and it varies depending upon different needs.
Different types of employers offer jobs to electrical engineers. Employers range from computer-technology corporations and chemical companies to power and telephone companies. Both small and large companies in the private sector and the government sector offer placement for electrical engineers. Electrical engineers can find employment in Electrical equipment and systems manufacturing companies, Power generation and transmission, Telecommunication, Railways, IT industry, Health care equipment manufacturing industry, public sector industries like petroleum, steel and chemical industry, Research and design etc.
Career Options
Electrical graduates are employed in Electricity companies and large industries as engineers and managers, responsible for installation, maintenance, operation of power handling equipments and systems. Industries manufacturing large electrical machines and equipments employ engineers in design, production and testing. Electrical engineers also find employment in atomic power plants, hydroelectric power plants as well as thermal power plants. Many electrical engineering graduates opt for careers in the food, pulp and paper, chemical, aircraft and automobile industries.
Educational Institutions and Research establishments recruit electrical engineers as faculty and scientists. One can also do research work in this field by joining research labs and institutes. Teaching career is also rewarding. They can join an engineering college/university as a full time or part time lecturer/professor. They can also enter into self employment by starting own ventures.
As an Electrical Engineer, entry for junior posts in the Government departments is by direct recruitment through advertisements in newspapers. Selection to Gazetted posts is through competitive examinations (CSS).
Young engineers have chances in the Defence Services also. For selection into the Defence Services- Pak Armed Forces (Army, Air Force, Navy), applications are invited through National dailies.
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Jobs of Electrical Engineering in different Companese
Following are the companese in Pakistan which are offering jobs to electrical engineers in Pakistan
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Kamran ShaukatStudent at U.E.T. lahore. |